Ionic equations
Defintion :Chemical equation for a reaction which lists only those species participating in the reaction.
1. Acetic acid is mixed with a calcium hydroxode solution
-Molecular: 2C₂H₄O₂(aq) + Ca(OH)₂(aq) -> Ca(C₂H₃O₂)₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l)
-Complete: 2C₂H₄O₂(0)(aq) + Ca(+2)(aq) + OH₂(-1)(aq) -> Ca(+2)(aq) + (C₂H₃O₂)₂(0)(aq) + 2H₂(-1)(l) + 2O(-1)(l)
-Net ionic:(OH)₂(aq) -> 2H₂O(l)
-Spectator Ions:Ca, C2H4O2, and C4H6O4
-Acid/Base or Precipitation reaction?
Acid/Base reaction.
-Molecular: 2C₂H₄O₂(aq) + Ca(OH)₂(aq) -> Ca(C₂H₃O₂)₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l)
-Complete: 2C₂H₄O₂(0)(aq) + Ca(+2)(aq) + OH₂(-1)(aq) -> Ca(+2)(aq) + (C₂H₃O₂)₂(0)(aq) + 2H₂(-1)(l) + 2O(-1)(l)
-Net ionic:(OH)₂(aq) -> 2H₂O(l)
-Spectator Ions:Ca, C2H4O2, and C4H6O4
-Acid/Base or Precipitation reaction?
Acid/Base reaction.
2.) Sodium phosphate and calcium chloride.
Molecular: 2Na₃(PO₄)(aq) + 3CaCl₂(aq) = 6NaCl(aq) + Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s)
Complete: 2Na₃(+1)(aq) + 2(PO₄)(-3)(aq) + 3Ca(+2)(aq) + 3Cl₂(-1)(aq) ➝ 6Na(+1)(aq) + 6Cl(-1)(aq) + Ca₃(+2)(s) + (PO₄)₂(-3)
Net Ionic: 2(PO4) + 3Ca -> Ca3(PO4)
Spectator Ions: 2Na3(aq) , 3Cl2 (aq) , 6Na(aq) , 6Cl(aq)
Molecular: 2Na₃(PO₄)(aq) + 3CaCl₂(aq) = 6NaCl(aq) + Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s)
Complete: 2Na₃(+1)(aq) + 2(PO₄)(-3)(aq) + 3Ca(+2)(aq) + 3Cl₂(-1)(aq) ➝ 6Na(+1)(aq) + 6Cl(-1)(aq) + Ca₃(+2)(s) + (PO₄)₂(-3)
Net Ionic: 2(PO4) + 3Ca -> Ca3(PO4)
Spectator Ions: 2Na3(aq) , 3Cl2 (aq) , 6Na(aq) , 6Cl(aq)
3.Aqueous lithium chromate reacts with aqueous Tin(IV) chlorate
-Molecular:4LiCr(aq) + 4Sn(ClO₃)₂(aq) -> 4Li(ClO₃)₂(aq) + 4SnCr(s)
-Complete: Remember you have to "expand" your equation at this point.
4Li(+1)(aq) + 4Cr(-2)(aq) + 4Sn(aq) + 4(ClO3)2(-2)(aq) -> 4Li(+1)(aq) + 4(ClO3)2)(aq) + 4Sn(-4)(s) + 4Cr(-2)(s)
-Net Ionic:4Cr(aq) + 4Sn(aq) -> 4Sn(s) + 4Cr(s)
-Spectator Ions:4Li(aq), 4(ClO3)2(aq)
-Acid/Base or Precipitation reaction?
Precipitation reaction.
-Molecular:4LiCr(aq) + 4Sn(ClO₃)₂(aq) -> 4Li(ClO₃)₂(aq) + 4SnCr(s)
-Complete: Remember you have to "expand" your equation at this point.
4Li(+1)(aq) + 4Cr(-2)(aq) + 4Sn(aq) + 4(ClO3)2(-2)(aq) -> 4Li(+1)(aq) + 4(ClO3)2)(aq) + 4Sn(-4)(s) + 4Cr(-2)(s)
-Net Ionic:4Cr(aq) + 4Sn(aq) -> 4Sn(s) + 4Cr(s)
-Spectator Ions:4Li(aq), 4(ClO3)2(aq)
-Acid/Base or Precipitation reaction?
Precipitation reaction.